Researchers have proposed an innovative methodology for decomposing microplastics and producing hydrogen at the same time

How can we combat the growing problem of plastic pollution while producing clean energy? Researchers from VŠB-TUO, in collaboration with colleagues, have tested a light-controlled process known as photoreforming to break down microplastic particles to produce hydrogen, an emission-free fuel.  The basic research findings, which aim to be translated into practical applications, were published in the Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering.

Plastic waste pervades our environment, contaminating oceans and landscapes while fragmenting into microplastics—tiny particles detectable in aquatic systems, the atmosphere, soil, living organisms, and even the human body.

„In line with the saying “Trash to Treasure”, we have developed a process to convert microplastics into hydrogen as an environmentally friendly fuel of the future. This photoreforming method employs light to decompose plastic microparticles when paired with suitable photocatalysts. The study thus offers not only a practical solution for recycling microplastics, but also a new source of renewable energy. At a time of growing need for sustainable energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, this is a contribution with great potential for the future,“ said the first author of the article, Petr Praus from the CEET Institute of Environmental Technology.

The experimental work focused on common plastics such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PLA (polylactide), thereby enhancing the practical relevance of the research. „We evaluated and compared the efficacy of two accessible, non-toxic photocatalysts—titanium dioxide and graphitic carbon nitride. Results indicated that high yields of hydrogen could be achieved, especially in an aqueous environment, with titanium dioxide demonstrating notably promising performance,“ added Praus. Additionally, the study incorporated thermodynamic assessments and catalyst stability testing, which are critical parameters for the prospective deployment of this technology.

This research was conducted within the framework of the REFRESH and DMS INOVO projects, with support from the ENREGAT Large Research Infrastructure.